Last Thursday morning, Fatima from Jumeirah called us at 6:47 AM. Her Preethi Blue Leaf had died mid-dosa batter preparation with 12 guests arriving for breakfast in three hours. The motor was smoking, the kitchen smelled like burnt rubber, and her husband was suggesting they order catering for AED 850. We had her mixer working again by 8:15 AM. Total cost: AED 180.

Here’s what nobody tells you about mixer grinder repair in Dubai: most problems that seem catastrophic take under 90 minutes to fix. The real issue isn’t your appliance, it’s knowing when to grab a screwdriver versus when to call someone who’s repaired 3,000+ units.

After seven years fixing mixer grinders across Dubai, we’ve seen the same five problems destroy 89% of these machines. More importantly, we’ve watched people throw away AED 600 Philips units over AED 45 problems because they didn’t know better.

This guide changes that. You’ll discover exactly when your mixer grinder can be saved, what repairs actually cost in Dubai right now, which brands fail predictably (and why), and the three warning signs that mean your appliance is genuinely done. No fluff. No corporate speak. Just the truth about keeping your kitchen’s hardest worker alive.

Why Your Mixer Grinder Stopped Working?

The burning smell hit you first, didn’t it? Or maybe it was the grinding noise that sounded like metal chewing through more metal. Perhaps your unit just stopped. No drama, No warning. Dead.

Most Dubai residents panic at this moment. They imagine expensive repairs, long wait times, or having to navigate Dragon Mart for a replacement during Friday afternoon traffic.

Here’s the reality: your mixer grinder probably has one of five problems, and four of them cost under AED 200 to fix professionally.

The Overload Trip: Most Common, 41% of Our Service Calls

Your mixer grinder has a reset button underneath. Right now, walk to your kitchen and flip your unit over. See that small red or black button? That’s your thermal overload protector, and it trips when the motor gets too hot.

Why does this happen? Because Dubai kitchens run hot. When you’re grinding two cups of hard turmeric at 2 PM in July with the AC struggling, your motor temperature hits 85-90°C. The safety trips at 80°C to prevent fire.

The fix takes 30 seconds: unplug the unit, wait five minutes for cooling, press that button firmly until you hear a click, and try again with smaller batches.

But here’s what the manual won’t tell you: if this trips more than twice in one month, your motor bearings are wearing out. That’s an AED 320-450 repair at our workshop, but it’s worth doing on any Preethi, Philips, or Bajaj unit under four years old.

The Coupler Conspiracy 

The coupler is that plastic piece connecting your jar to the motor base. It costs AED 15-35 depending on your brand. Yet this AED 25 component kills more mixer grinders than any other part.

I learned this the expensive way in 2019 when a customer brought in a Panasonic MX-AC400 claiming the motor had died. The motor was perfect. The coupler had cracked from grinding frozen ingredients, and the jar couldn’t engage properly.

She’d almost bought a new AED 550 unit over an AED 28 part.

Couplers fail because people grind ice, frozen fruits, and rock-hard dried ingredients. The stress cracks the plastic over 8-14 months of regular use. Preethi’s 4-fin couplers last longer than Philips’ 6-fin designs, but both eventually fail. You’ll know it’s the coupler when: the motor runs but the jar doesn’t rotate, you hear clicking sounds, or the jar wobbles during operation.

The Blade Betrayal

Dull blades don’t just grind poorly, they destroy motors. When your blades lose their edge, the motor works 40-60% harder to achieve the same results. This extra load generates heat, trips the overload protector, and eventually burns out the motor windings.

The worst part? People usually notice their grinding is “taking longer” about six months before the motor actually fails. By then, they’ve already damaged components worth AED 280-420 in repair costs. Blade replacement costs AED 85-140 depending on your model. Motor repairs? AED 380-650. The math is brutal.

Here’s my controversial take: sharpen your blades every six months regardless of performance. Use the rock salt method (grind 3 tablespoons of coarse rock salt for 60 seconds), or bring them to us for professional sharpening at AED 45 per blade assembly. Preethi uses 100% stainless steel blades that hold edges better than Philips’ mixed-alloy designs. Bajaj’s blades are softer steel and need sharpening every 4-5 months with regular use.

The Jar Leak Nobody Discusses 

Leaking jars seem minor until you realize where that liquid goes: straight into the motor housing through the coupler connection. We’ve opened motors that looked like they’d been submerged in pickle brine. The copper windings were green with corrosion. That customer paid AED 580 for a new motor when a AED 35 rubber gasket replacement would have prevented everything.

Gaskets fail from heat exposure and acidic ingredients. Tamarind paste, lemon juice, and tomato-based grinding accelerate rubber degradation. Most gaskets last 18-24 months in Dubai’s climate before they need replacement.

Check your gaskets monthly. If they’re hard, cracked, or have lost their flexibility, replace them immediately. The AED 25-45 gasket replacement is the cheapest insurance you’ll ever buy.

The Electrical Gremlins 

Sparking, burning smells, or complete power loss usually means wiring problems. These require professional attention, not because they’re complex, but because they’re dangerous.

We’ve seen DIY attempts that created fire hazards. One customer in Al Barsha tried fixing “loose wires” with regular tape instead of electrical insulation. His mixer worked for six days before nearly setting his kitchen counter on fire. Electrical repairs range from AED 150 (simple wire replacement) to AED 480 (switch and circuit board issues). The key question: is your mixer grinder worth the repair cost?

When Repair Makes Sense 

This part makes other repair companies angry, but you deserve the truth: not every mixer grinder is worth fixing.

Last month, a customer brought us a 9-year-old Crompton unit she’d bought for AED 285. The motor was dead, the jars were cracked, and the power cord was frayed. Repair estimate: AED 420. I told her to buy new. She looked shocked. “But you’re a repair company?”

Exactly. And that’s why I can tell you the truth instead of selling you an expensive repair you’ll regret.

The 50% Rule (Our Internal Standard)

If the repair costs more than 50% of a new unit’s current price, replacement usually makes more financial sense. But there are exceptions.

A AED 890 Preethi Zodiac with an AED 380 motor repair? Fix it. That motor will run another 5-7 years, and the jar quality alone is worth keeping.

A AED 320 generic brand mixer with AED 280 in repairs? That’s a AED 400 new unit waiting for you at any hypermarket.

Brand Longevity Reality Check

Here’s data from our workshop tracking 2,847 repairs between January 2023 and September 2025:

Preethi (India’s #1 brand): Average lifespan 7-9 years. Motor failure rate after 5 years: 12%. Most repairs are simple (couplers, gaskets, blade replacements). Worth repairing until year 8.

Philips (Popular in Dubai): Average lifespan 5-7 years. Motor failure rate after 4 years: 23%. Good build quality but replacement parts cost 20-30% more than Preethi equivalents. Worth repairing until year 6.

Bajaj (Budget-friendly): Average lifespan 4-6 years. Motor failure rate after 3 years: 31%. Affordable repairs but motors struggle with heavy-duty use. Worth repairing through year 4, maybe year 5 if lightly used.

Panasonic (Reliable performer): Average lifespan 6-8 years. Motor failure rate after 5 years: 15%. Excellent motors but limited parts availability in UAE. Worth repairing until year 7 if you can source parts.

Bosch (Premium segment): Average lifespan 6-8 years. Motor failure rate after 4 years: 18%. Outstanding build quality, expensive repairs. Worth repairing throughout life if under warranty, evaluate case-by-case after.

Sujata (The tank): Average lifespan 10-15 years. Motor failure rate after 5 years: 8%. These things are nearly indestructible. Always worth repairing.

Crompton (Emerging brand): Average lifespan 5-6 years. Motor failure rate after 3 years: 28%. Good warranty service during coverage period. Repair value depends on age and usage.

Hamilton Beach (Import market): Average lifespan 4-5 years. Motor failure rate after 3 years: 35%. Parts availability is the killer here. Often not worth repairing after warranty expires.

The Real Cost of Mixer Grinder Repair in Dubai 

Every repair company in Dubai says “competitive pricing” and “affordable rates.” Nobody tells you actual numbers until you’re already committed to a service call. Here’s what repairs actually cost atSmart Mobile Locksmith, broken down by component. These prices are current as of October 2025 and include labor, parts, and our 6-month warranty on all repairs:

Diagnostic Assessment: AED 80 (waived if you proceed with repair)

Simple Repairs:

Medium Repairs:

Major Repairs:

Emergency Service (same-day, under 4 hours): Add AED 100 to any repair

Weekend Service (Friday-Saturday): Add AED 50 to any repair

These prices are 15-25% lower than most Dubai competitors because we don’t outsource. Our technicians are in-house, we stock 90% of common parts, and we’ve negotiated bulk pricing with suppliers.

Other companies charge AED 50-80 just for showing up, then hit you with diagnosis fees, transportation charges, and mysteriously inflated parts costs. We eliminated that nonsense.

What Actually Happens When You Call Smart Mobile Locksmith

Most repair companies give you vague timelines and zero transparency. You drop off your mixer, wait “a few days,” then get a call with an estimate you can’t verify. We operate differently because I hated that experience as a customer.

Step 1: The Honest Phone Assessment (5-8 Minutes)

When you call, we ask specific questions: What’s the exact problem? What brand and model? How old is the unit? When did it last work properly? Any burning smells or unusual noises?

About 30% of the time, we solve your problem on this call. Seriously. The overload reset trick alone has saved hundreds of customers the trip to our workshop.

If it’s something more serious, we’ll give you a preliminary estimate range based on the symptoms. No surprises later.

Step 2: The Workshop Diagnosis (Same Day or Next Day)

Bring your mixer grinder to our Deira workshop, or we can collect it from anywhere in Dubai for AED 50. We’ll disassemble and test the unit within 4-6 hours of receipt.

Our diagnostic includes:

You receive a WhatsApp message with photos of the problem, explanation of what failed and why, detailed repair quote, and realistic timeline.

At this point, you decide: repair, replace, or return. The AED 80 diagnostic fee is waived if you proceed with any repair over AED 150.

Step 3: The Actual Repair (4 Hours to 3 Days)

Simple repairs (couplers, gaskets, switches): 4-6 hours
Medium repairs (bearings, blades, electrical): 1-2 days
Major repairs (motors, rewinding): 2-3 days

We only use genuine parts or premium-grade equivalents. No cheap Chinese knockoffs that fail in three months. Every component comes with our 6-month warranty.

If we discover additional problems during repair (happens about 12% of the time), we call before proceeding. You always have the option to stop at the original estimate.

Step 4: The Quality Check and Return

Before returning your mixer grinder, we run it through a 15-minute stress test: dry grinding, wet grinding, extended operation, and safety mechanism verification.

We’ve caught issues that would have caused callbacks about 8% of the time. Better to find them in our workshop than in your kitchen.

You pick up your mixer, or we deliver for the same AED 50 charge. We test it in front of you. You pay only after confirming it works perfectly.

The DIY Repairs That Actually Work 

Here’s my controversial opinion: some repairs you should absolutely try yourself. Others? You’re risking a AED 600 mistake.

Safe DIY Repairs (Success Rate: 85-90%)

1. The Overload Reset Tools needed: None
Time required: 2 minutes
Risk level: Zero

Unplug the unit. Flip it over. Find the red/black reset button (usually near the motor). Press firmly until you hear a click. Wait 5 minutes. Try again.

If this fixes your problem, great. If it happens again within a week, something else is wrong. Call us.

2. The Basic Cleaning Tools needed: Screwdriver, soft brush, dry cloth
Time required: 15-20 minutes
Risk level: Very low

Unplug the unit. Remove the bottom cover (usually 4-6 screws). Vacuum out dust and food particles. Use a dry cloth to clean the motor housing and base. Check for loose screws and tighten them.

This simple maintenance prevents 60% of “mysterious” problems. Do it every six months.

3. The Gasket Replacement Tools needed: Screwdriver, new gasket (AED 25-45 from any hardware store)
Time required: 10-15 minutes
Risk level: Low

Remove the jar base by unscrewing the blade assembly. The gasket is the rubber ring underneath. Pop out the old one, press in the new one, reassemble. Test with water first.

4. The Coupler Swap Tools needed: Pliers, new coupler (AED 15-35)
Time required: 5-10 minutes
Risk level: Low to medium

Remove the jar. Use pliers to pull off the old coupler from the motor shaft. Press the new coupler firmly until it clicks into place. Ensure it’s seated completely before using.

The risk here: if you force it incorrectly, you can damage the motor shaft. Be gentle.

Dangerous DIY Attempts (Success Rate: 15-20%)

Motor Repairs: Unless you understand electrical windings and have a multimeter, don’t open the motor. We’ve repaired dozens of mixers that were working fine until someone “tried to fix” them.

Circuit Board Work: One wrong connection and you’ve created a fire hazard. These boards handle 230V and aren’t forgiving of mistakes.

Blade Sharpening with Power Tools: I’ve seen people try grinding wheels, belt sanders, even angle grinders. You’ll ruin blade balance, create vibration issues, and potentially crack the blade assembly.

Wire Splicing Without Proper Insulation: This is how kitchen fires start. Electrical work requires proper materials and knowledge.

Last year, a customer in Sports City tried fixing his Philips mixer’s wiring using cellotape. When we got the unit, the tape had melted, wires were exposed, and he was lucky nothing caught fire.

His DIY attempt: 45 minutes and AED 0
Our repair of his DIY attempt: AED 340

The Maintenance Nobody Does 

The mixer grinder sitting on your counter right now will probably need repair within 18 months. But it doesn’t have to.

These five maintenance habits cost zero money and prevent most problems we see:

1. The Five-Minute Rule

Your mixer grinder is designed for intermittent use. Continuous operation beyond five minutes overheats the motor, even with cooling vents.

Grind in pulses: 60-90 seconds of operation, 30 seconds rest. This single habit extends motor life by 3-4 years.

For heavy-duty jobs (batter grinding, large quantities), take a full three-minute break after every five minutes of grinding.

2. The Two-Thirds Capacity Law

That maximum capacity line on your jar? Ignore it. Well, reduce it by 33%.

Filling jars to maximum capacity overloads the motor and stresses the coupler. We’ve seen premature failures in units that were regularly filled to the line.

For best results: liquids to 60% capacity, dry ingredients to 50% capacity, wet grinding to 65% capacity.

3. The Hot Ingredient Ban

Never grind ingredients straight from the stove. Wait until they reach room temperature.

Hot ingredients create steam that seeps into motor housing through the coupler connection. This moisture causes electrical corrosion over time.

A customer in Mirdif ground hot dal for batter three times weekly. Her 2-year-old Preethi needed an AED 420 motor repair from corrosion damage. The motor looked like it had been dunked in salt water.

4. The Monthly Gasket Check

Once a month, remove your jars and inspect the rubber gaskets. Feel them. They should be soft, flexible, and smooth.

Hard gaskets = leaks incoming
Cracked gaskets = moisture in motor
Deformed gaskets = poor seal and vibration

Replace any gasket showing these signs immediately. The AED 35 preventive replacement beats the AED 580 motor repair.

5. The Acidic Ingredient Protocol

Tamarind, lemon, tomato, and vinegar-based ingredients accelerate gasket and seal degradation. They also corrode metal components if residue remains.

After grinding acidic ingredients: rinse jars immediately, wipe the blade assembly, and air dry before storage.

This habit alone adds 12-18 months to your mixer’s average lifespan.

The Three Warning Signs Your Mixer Grinder Is Actually Done

Most problems are fixable. These three aren’t.

1. The Burning Smell That Doesn’t Stop

If your mixer grinder produces a burning electrical smell even after professional cleaning and inspection, the motor windings are degrading. You can rewind the motor for AED 320-520, but you’re likely buying yourself 8-12 months at best.

At this point, the cost-benefit analysis shifts toward replacement unless you have a premium brand under four years old.

2. The Crack You Can’t Fix

Motor housing cracks (not jar cracks) are structural failures. They create vibration, allow moisture entry, and indicate the base has been dropped or suffered impact damage.

We can’t repair cracked motor housings. The unit is unsafe to operate.

3. The Repeated Failure Pattern

If you’ve repaired the same component three times in 18 months, the underlying issue is the motor’s power delivery. It’s either providing inconsistent voltage (internal circuit problem) or the motor itself is degrading.

At this point, you’re throwing good money after bad. Cut your losses.

FAQs:

How long does mixer grinder repair take in Dubai?

Simple repairs like coupler replacement or gasket fixes: 4-6 hours same-day. Medium repairs involving bearings or electrical work: 1-2 days. Major motor repairs or rewinding: 2-3 days. AtSmart Mobile Locksmith, we provide exact timelines during diagnosis and update you via WhatsApp if anything changes. Emergency same-day service (under 4 hours) is available for AED 100 additional charge.

Can all mixer grinder brands be repaired in Dubai?

Most major brands, Preethi, Philips, Bajaj, Panasonic, Bosch, Sujata, and Crompton parts are readily available. Import brands like Hamilton Beach or specialty European models can be challenging due to parts availability. We can source parts for most brands within 3-5 days if not in stock. 

Is it worth repairing a mixer grinder or should I buy new?

Apply the 50% rule: if repair costs exceed 50% of a new unit’s price, replacement usually makes more sense unless you have a premium brand under six years old. A AED 380 motor repair on an AED 890 Preethi? Worth it. A AED 280 repair on a AED 320 Bajaj? Buy new. Brand quality matters, Preethi and Sujata units are worth repairing through year 8. Generic brands often aren’t worth major repairs after year 4.

What causes mixer grinders to stop working suddenly?

The thermal overload protector trips (41% of cases) from overheating, usually from continuous operation or overloading. Motor failure from worn bearings (23% of cases). Coupler breakage from grinding frozen or hard ingredients (18% of cases). Electrical issues like loose wiring or failed switches (12% of cases). Complete motor burnout from age or improper use (6% of cases). Most “sudden” failures have warning signs people miss, slower grinding, unusual noises, or frequent overheating in the weeks before.

How much does it cost to repair a mixer grinder motor in Dubai?

Complete motor replacement: AED 380-680 depending on brand and model. Motor rewinding: AED 320-520 for premium brands worth the investment. Motor bearing replacement: AED 280-380 if the motor itself is fine. Always get diagnosis first, what seems like motor failure is often an AED 85 coupler problem or a simple overload reset. We’ve seen customers pay AED 450 for motor repairs that needed AED 95 in coupler replacement.

Can I repair my mixer grinder at home myself?

Safe DIY repairs: overload reset (2 minutes), basic cleaning (15 minutes), gasket replacement (10 minutes), and coupler replacement (10 minutes) if you’re comfortable with basic tools. Dangerous DIY attempts: motor repairs, circuit board work, electrical wiring, or blade sharpening with power tools. These require specialized knowledge and tools. 

How do I know if my mixer grinder needs professional repair?

Call a professional if you experience: burning electrical smell that persists, sparking from the base or switches, motor runs but jar won’t rotate, unusual grinding or metal-on-metal noises, smoke from the motor housing, complete power failure after checking the reset button, or repeated overload trips within the same day. 

Which mixer grinder brand is most reliable in Dubai?

Based on our repair data from 2,847 units: Sujata leads with 10-15 year lifespan and only 8% motor failure rate after five years. Preethi follows with a 7-9 years average lifespan and excellent parts availability in UAE. Panasonic offers solid 6-8 year performance but parts sourcing challenges. Philips averages 5-7 years with good availability. Bajaj works well for 4-6 years in light-duty use. 

Can a mixer grinder with a burnt motor be repaired?

Depends on burn severity. Surface burning from overheating: usually repairable with motor rewinding for AED 320-520. Deep winding damage with insulation breakdown: motor replacement needed at AED 380-680. Complete motor housing damage: unit is beyond economic repair. Premium brands (Preethi, Sujata, Bosch) worth rewinding. Budget brands often cost more to rewind than buying new. Professional assessment needed—what looks burnt might just be dust buildup on motor exterior.

How often should I service my mixer grinder in Dubai?

Annual professional servicing recommended for heavy users (daily batter grinding, large families). Every 18 months for moderate users (3-4 times weekly). Self-maintenance should be more frequent: check gaskets monthly, clean motor housing every six months, sharpen blades every six months with rock salt method or professional service at AED 45. Dubai’s climate accelerates rubber degradation and dust accumulation, making regular maintenance more critical than cooler, less dusty environments.

What parts of a mixer grinder can be replaced?

Commonly replaced parts: couplers (AED 85-145), rubber gaskets (AED 65-95), blades (AED 85-180), on/off switches (AED 120-175), power cords (AED 95-140), speed control switches (AED 190-250), motor bearings (AED 280-380), complete motors (AED 380-680), and jars (AED 120-450). Circuit boards are repairable but not always replaceable depending on model. Motor housing cannot be replaced, if cracked, a unit is done. Most parts available within 24 hours for major brands in Dubai.

Why does my mixer grinder spark when I turn it on?

Sparking indicates electrical problems: worn carbon brushes in the motor (normal wear after 3-4 years, needs replacement), loose internal wiring creating arcing, failed switch contacts, damaged power cord with exposed wires, or short circuit in motor windings. Minor sparking from carbon brushes is normal in older units. 

Can mixer grinder jars be repaired if cracked?

Small cracks in plastic jars: temporarily fixable with food-grade epoxy but not recommended for long-term use due to safety concerns. Cracked glass jars: cannot be safely repaired. Metal jar cracks: unrepairable. Best solution: replace cracked jars. 

How long do mixer grinders typically last in Dubai?

Dubai’s climate affects lifespan significantly due to heat and dust. Premium brands (Sujata, Preethi): 7-12 years with proper maintenance. Mid-range brands (Philips, Panasonic, Bosch): 5-8 years. Budget brands (Bajaj, Crompton, generic): 4-6 years. Heavy daily use reduces these by 20-30%. Light occasional use extends them 30-40%. 

What’s the difference between motor rewinding and motor replacement?

Motor rewinding: Technician removes old copper windings, rewinds with new copper wire, reinsulates, and tests. Costs AED 320-520. Takes 2-3 days. Extends life 3-5 years. Only economical for premium brands. Motor replacement: Complete motor unit swapped out. Costs AED 380-680. Takes 1-2 days. Provides essentially new motors. Better long-term solution for units worth keeping. Rewinding makes sense only for Preethi, Sujata, and Bosch units under 6 years old where original motor quality justifies investment.

Can I use my mixer grinder if the overload keeps tripping?

Short answer: no. Continued use after repeated overload trips damages the motor permanently. The overload protector trips to prevent fire and motor burnout. If it trips once, let it cool and reduce load. If it trips twice in one day, stop using it and get a professional diagnosis. 

Where can I buy genuine spare parts for mixer grinders in Dubai?

Authorized brand service centers carry genuine parts but often charge 40-60% premiums. Smart Mobile Locksmith stocks 90% of common parts for major brands at fair pricing. Dragon Mart has parts but quality varies wildly, many are cheap Chinese knockoffs that fail quickly. But the Dubai electronics market offers parts but requires knowledge to distinguish genuine from fake. 

What should I do if my mixer grinder stops working during warranty?

Contact the authorized service center immediately, never attempt DIY repairs or use third-party services as it voids warranty. Keep your purchase receipt and warranty card accessible. Most brands offer 2-year product warranty and 5-year motor warranty. Document the problem with photos/videos before service. 

How can I prevent my mixer grinder from breaking down?

Follow the five-minute rule, never run continuously beyond five minutes, use pulse grinding with rest periods. Respect the two-thirds capacity law, never fill jars to the maximum line, leave 30-40% headspace. Wait for hot ingredients to cool to room temperature before grinding. Check and replace gaskets every 18-24 months preventively. 

Your Next Steps: Choose Your Own Adventure

If your mixer grinder is working fine:

Save this page. Share it with someone who needs it. Check those gaskets we mentioned. Schedule that six-month blade sharpening you’ve been putting off.

If your mixer is broken and you want to try DIY:

Start with the overload reset button. Then try basic cleaning. If that doesn’t work, assess the symptoms against our breakdown section and decide if it’s safe DIY territory or professional territory.

If you want professional help:

Call Smart Mobile Locksmith at 559058181. Text works too if you prefer. Send a photo of your mixer and a description of the problem via WhatsApp. We’ll give you honest feedback within 30 minutes as we are available 24/7.

If you’re shopping for a new mixer:

Read our brand analysis again. Preethi for longevity. Philips for safety. Sujata if budget allows. Bajaj for light-duty use. Skip the cheap unbranded units from Dragon Mart, they’re not worth the frustration.

If you’re still deciding repair versus replacement:

Answer this: how much is your time worth per hour? Multiply by 5 hours (average time for research, shopping, setup). Add that to the new mixer cost. Compared to the repair estimate. The answer usually becomes obvious.

Your mixer grinder isn’t just an appliance. It’s the tool that makes your morning chutney, your festival sweets, your family’s favorite dishes. It deserves honest assessment, quality repair when appropriate, and clear guidance when replacement makes more sense.

Whatever you decide, make it the informed choice you’re confident about. And if you need help making that decision? We’re one call away.

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